Nigeria, the vibrant tapestry of over 250 ethnicities we know today, bears the lasting imprint of British colonialism. For close to a century, British rule left an undeniable mark on Nigerian society, language, and culture, a legacy that can be understood through the lens of cultural imperialism.
What is cultural imperialism?
Cultural imperialism describes the situation where a powerful culture influences a less powerful one in a way that imposes its values, beliefs, and practices.
Cultural imperialism has been a significant force shaping Nigeria, particularly during the British colonial era (1901–1960). It has had some impact on Nigerian culture, leaving a complex legacy of both positive and negative consequences.
The following is a breakdown of its negative impact:
Education System:
Imposition of English: The British education system used English as the primary language, marginalising hundreds of indigenous Nigerian languages. This created an elite class fluent in English and a disconnect from the local population.
Religion:
Spread of Christianity: Christianity, the religion of the colonisers, was actively promoted through missionary work. While Nigerians readily embraced new faiths, this also led to a decline in the practice of traditional African religions and their associated cultural practices.
Legal and Administrative Systems:
Disregard for Local Governance: British legal systems and administrative structures were imposed, often disregarding or dismantling existing indigenous governance models. This disrupted traditional power structures and decision-making processes.
Social Norms and Customs:
Westernisation of Fashion: British clothing styles became fashionable, particularly in urban areas. Traditional attire (African prints) was seen as less sophisticated, creating a sense of cultural hierarchy where British ways were seen as superior.
Shifting Beauty Standards: Western ideals of beauty were presented as more desirable, potentially undermining traditional concepts of beauty. For instance, most African women, don’t feel confident in their natural hair since the invention of artificial hair (wigs), and so view wigs as superior to their African kinky hair due to cultural imperialism.
Positive Impacts (Limited):
While the negative effects of cultural imperialism on Nigeria are more widely acknowledged, there are some potential positive effects to consider.
They include,
Modernization (with reservations): Colonial rule introduced advancements in infrastructure (roads, railways), healthcare systems (vaccinations), and education systems (Western curriculum). However, these often came at the expense of neglecting or dismantling existing local systems. The true benefit lies in adapting these advancements to the Nigerian context, not simply adopting them wholesale.
Exposure to New Ideas (selectively): Cultural exchange can expose Nigerians to new technologies, scientific discoveries, and alternative governance structures. This can be a catalyst for innovation, but it's crucial to critically evaluate these ideas and adapt them to Nigerian needs and traditions. Blindly following everything from the dominant culture can stifle local innovation.
Spread of Knowledge (carefully): Colonial education systems, though marginalising local languages, introduced Nigerians to new fields of knowledge like mathematics, science, and literature. This can be seen as positive, but it's important to acknowledge the marginalisation of traditional knowledge systems like herbal medicine or indigenous engineering techniques. The ideal scenario is a balance between new and traditional knowledge.
Interestingly, some Nigerians have realised their ignorance and are actively reclaiming their cultural heritage. A resurgence of interest in traditional languages, music, and art is evident. Nigerian literature and cinema are exploring themes of colonialism and its impact. This is a continuous process, one that acknowledges the past while forging a future that celebrates Nigeria's unique cultural identity.
This article is a reminder of the importance of cultural exchange that fosters mutual respect and celebrates diversity.
Cultural exchange can be a positive force. New ideas and practices can be enriching, and cultures can borrow and adapt from each other. The most essential thing is for the exchange to be balanced, where both cultures have the opportunity to share and learn.
