The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed a suspected outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Tanzania, specifically in the Kagera region.
As of January 11, 2025, there have been nine suspected cases reported, with eight fatalities, indicating a case fatality ratio of approximately 89%. The WHO has classified the risk associated with this outbreak as high at both national and regional levels.
The outbreak was first reported to the WHO on January 10, following reliable information from local sources. Symptoms among the affected individuals have included severe headache, high fever, back pain, diarrhea, vomiting of blood, and external bleeding.
Samples from two patients have been collected for testing at the National Public Health Laboratory, with results pending confirmation.
The Kagera region has a history of MVD outbreaks; it experienced its first in March 2023, which lasted nearly two months and resulted in nine cases and six deaths.
Zoonotic reservoirs such as fruit bats are endemic to this area, raising concerns about potential transmission routes.
WHO officials have emphasized the importance of monitoring and surveillance, noting that the geographic spread of suspected cases across two districts suggests a broader risk. The strategic location of Kagera as a transit hub for cross-border movement to neighboring countries—Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo—further complicates the situation.
While there is currently no confirmed international spread of the virus, WHO has advised neighboring nations to remain vigilant and prepared for potential cases.
In response to this outbreak, national rapid response teams have been deployed to assist with investigation and containment efforts. Enhanced surveillance measures are in place, including contact tracing and the establishment of treatment units within the region.
